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Substances: Erythropoietin (EPO)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a peptide hormone that occurs naturally in the human body.

EPO is released from the kidneys and acts on the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production. An increase in red blood cells improves the amount of oxygen the blood can carry to the body's muscles. It may also increase the body's capacity to buffer lactic acid.

Recombinant (artificially produced) EPO has a legitimate use in the treatment of anaemia in patients with diseases such as kidney disease, HIV and some cancers.

Some athletes may use recombinant EPO to improve endurance performance or to improve recovery from anaerobic exercise.

Side effects

Use of recombinant EPO can cause the blood to thicken excessively. The heart has to work harder to pump the thicker blood and the blood is more prone to clot. Consequently, EPO use can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and clots in the lung. The risk is exacerbated by dehydration which often occurs during endurance exercise.

Status in Sport

EPO is prohibited both in and out of competition under the World Anti-Doping Code 2007 Prohibited List (effective from 01/01/07).

 

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