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Substances: Anabolic agents

» Anabolic androgenic steroids

Anabolic androgenic steroids are substances that have both anabolic and androgenic properties.  The anabolic effects can result in an accelerated growth of muscle and bone.  The androgenic properties may effect development of the male reproductive system and the secondary male sexual characteristics such as hairiness and deep voice. Anabolic androgenic steroids can be derived from both endogenous (naturally produced) or exogenous (synthetically manufactured) sources.

Athletes may be tempted to use anabolic steroids as they can improve the body’s capacity to train and compete at the highest level by reducing fatigue associated with training and the time required to recover after physical exertion.

Steroid use also promotes the development of muscle and tissue in the body, which can be associated with increased strength and power and may decrease recovery time following injury.

Examples of prohibited anabolic androgenic steroids include but are not limited to: androstenedione, boldenone, nandrolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), stanozolol and testosterone.

The analogues of anabolic androgenic steroids are also prohibited.  An analogue is a substance derived from modification or alteration of the chemical structure of another substance while retaining similar pharmacological effect.

Side effects

Side effects may include jaundice and liver damage, acne, heart problems, euphoria, improved self-esteem, mood swings, depression, paranoia and aggression.

Effects specific to males may include the development of breast tissue, infertility and baldness.

Effects specific to females may include an increase in facial and body hair, menstrual problems, permanent deepening of the voice, foetal damage and clitoral enlargement.

Status in Sport

Anabolic androgenic steroids are prohibited under the World Anti-Doping Code Prohibited List 2007 (in effect 1/1/07).

» Other anabolic agents

Other anabolic agents include substances such as zeranol which are not anabolic androgenic steroids but when taken into the bloodstream may increased lean muscle mass and reduced body fat due to their interaction with androgenic receptors.

 

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